The DynamiteWar of the 1880s was essentially a series of battles between agents of various IrishFenian organizations, mostly based in the United States, and the MetropolitanPolice. The Fenians hoped to do enough damage and occasion enough expense and trouble within London and elsewhere that the British government would become overtaxed and would need to retract some of its grip on Ireland itself. This would then permit a general rising to succeed in that country. At the same time, there were a great many different theories, plans, organizations, and individuals involved, and it's not possible simply to explain the whole thing with one view.
The Main Events
Organizations and People
References
Short, K.R.M. The Dynamite War: Irish-American Bombers in Victorian Britain. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979. Excellent and extremely readable.